Computer Aided Process Planning Essay Example for Free

Computer Aided Process Planning Essay Process Planning Products and their components are designed to perform certain specific functions. Every product has some design specifications which ensure its functionality aspects. The task of manufacturing is to produce components such that they meet design specifications. Process planning acts as a bridge between design and manufacturing by translating design specifications into manufacturing process details. It refers to a set of instructions that are used to make a component or a part so that the design specifications are met, therefore it is major determinant of manufacturing cost and profitability of products. Process planning answers the questions regarding required information and activities involved in transforming raw materials into a finished product. The process starts with the selection of raw material and ends with the completion of part. The development of process plans involves mainly a set of following activities; †¢Analysis of part requirements †¢Selection of raw workpiece †¢Selection of manufacturing operations and their sequences †¢Selection of machine tools †¢Selection of tools, tool holding devices, work holding devices and inspection equipments †¢Selection of manufacturing conditions i. e. cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. †¢Determination of manufacturing times (2) The manual experience-based planning method The manual experience-based process planning is most widely used. It is mainly based on a manufacturing engineers experience and knowledge of production facilities, equipment, their capabilities, processes, and tooling. The major problem with this approach is that it is time consuming and developed plans may not be consistent and optimum. The feasibility of developed process plan is dependant on many factors such as availability of machine tools, scheduling and machine allocation etc. Computer aided process planning is developed to overcome this problems to some extent.

Corruption and Failure in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Corruption in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚   The theme of human corruption, its sources and consequences, is a common concern among writers from Shakespeare through J.D Salinger. Some suggest that it attacks from outside, while others depict corruption occurring from within the individual. In the case if The Great Gatsby and it's protagonist's fate, Fitzgerald shows both factors at work. The moral climate of the Roaring Twenties, Daisy Fay Buchanan's pernicious hold on him, and Jay Gatsby's own nature all contribute to his tragic demise.      Ã‚  Ã‚   First, the loose morality of Dan Cody, Gatsby's unfortunate role model, and superficial people who flock to Gatsby's parties contribute to Gatsby's downfall. Their examples encourages Gatsby's interpretation of The American Dream- his naive belief is that money and social standing are all that matter in his quest for Daisy. The self-absorbed debetants and their drunken escorts are among those who "crash" his extravagant soirees. As Nick Carroway tells us, "People were not invited- they went there." (pg.40) Shallow, corrupt people like Jordan Baker gossip with reckless abandon about their mysterious host. Their careless, superficial attitudes and wanton behavior represent Fitzgerald's depiction of the corrupt American Dream.      Ã‚   Another force of corruption responsible for Gatsby's fate is his obsession with a woman of Daisy's nature. Determined to marry her after returning from the war, he is blind to her shallow, cowardly nature. He is unable to see the corruption which lies beyond her physical beauty, charming manner and playful banter. That she is incapable of leaving her brutal husband, Tom, of committing herself to Gatsby despite his sacrifices escapes him. As Nick observes, Gatsby's expectation is absurdly simple:"He only wanted her to tell him [Tom] that she never loved him." (pg.91) Daisy is not worthy of the pedestal on which she is placed. Since she is hallow at the core, so is his dream which is based on a brief flirtation, nothing more.      Ã‚   Finally, Gatsby's own character-especially his willful obsession-contributes to his fate. Despite his naivetà © about Daisy and her friends who "are rich and play polo together," he, too, has been seduced by the lure of money and fame. Unable to control his obsessive desire to have Daisy, he cares little about the

The 8 Characteristics of Living Things

The 8 Characteristics of Living Things Overall in science there are 8 characteristics that can be used to determine whether something is living or non-living. Living things are made of cells, have levels of organization, grow & develop, maintain homeostasis, process by metabolism, respond to stimuli, reproduce & evolve over time. Yes those are the eight characteristics of a living thing. The first characteristic is that all living things are made of one or more cells. For instance living things are all multi-cellular, WE HUMANS, are multi-cellular. On the other hand though bacteria are unicellular but it’s also living.Multi-cellular organisms are made of many cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. The second characteristic is all living things display organization. Different parts of a cell are organized to do different jobs. Different parts of a body are organized to do different jobs also. The levels of organization in biological systems begin with atoms and molecules an d increase in complexity. The next characteristic is all living things grow & develop. We humans are born as babies & grow into adults. Our body grows and changes, so do plants! They grow from root, to stem into big plants.The cells get bigger and organisms develop, become more complex and gain new characteristics over their life span. The fourth characteristic is all living things respond to stimuli, they react to environmental changes. The reaction to a stimulus is a response. Organisms can sense stimuli in their environment and react appropriately. If an organism is unable to respond to harm it might not live long enough to reproduce. For example when you go to the doctor and they tap you on your knee, they are trying to test your reflexes. The fifth characteristic is that all living things reproduce.Humans have kids and babies, then they reproduce and it goes on again forever! Animals mate and have their children too. Reproduction is important because it makes your species go on . All living organisms have ways to reproduce weather asexually or sexually to produce an offspring. The sixth characteristic is that all living things take in ENERGY! We do that by eating, when you’re hungry in class and all you think about it food it’s because you’re hungry & you NEED to eat. Plants produce their food by using sunlight and photosynthesis. All living things break down food to make energy for themselves.Because good gives you protein & the good stuff you need for your body! Energy is required for ALL life processes. Almost done! The seventh one is that all living things maintain homeostasis. Now you’re probably thinking what’s that? Homeostasis is all the things organisms do to regulate their internal conditions and stay alive. For example you perspire (sweat) to cool off. Perspiring and eating are examples of maintain homeostasis. If an organism doesn’t maintain homeostasis they die. Like amoebas maintain homeostasis by mov ing towards food and away from danger.Finally, the last one is living things can adapt to the ever changing environmental conditions, in other words they can EVOLVE. Which simply mean we & other living things can change, weather it’s over a 100 years or a 1,000. Populations of species of organisms change over time over many generations. At time goes on they adapt more and more to the environment. Conclusion time, I listed all the eight characteristics. And they are all important when classifying if something is living or not. But yet we humans do all those things & plants and animals. We are all living and we need to maintain homeostasis!

Police Technology - Forensic Science History

Forensic science is a scientific method of gathering and examining the evidence. Crimes are solved with the use of pathological examinations that gather fingerprints, palm prints, footprints, tooth bite prints, blood, hair and fiber samples. Handwriting and typewriting samples are studied, including all ink, paper, and typography. Ballistics techniques are used to identify weapons, as well as voice identification techniques, are used to identify criminals. History of Forensic Science The first recorded application of medical knowledge to the solution of crime was in the 1248 Chinese book Hsi DuanYu or the Washing Away of Wrongs, and it described ways to distinguish between death by drowning or death by strangulation. Italian doctor, Fortunatus Fidelis is recognized as being the first person to practice modern forensic medicine, beginning in 1598. Forensic medicine is the application of medical knowledge to legal questions. It became a recognized branch of medicine in the early 19th century. The  Lie Detector An earlier and less successful lie detector or polygraph machine was invented by James Mackenzie in 1902. However, the modern polygraph machine was invented by John Larson in 1921. John Larson, a University of California medical student, invented the modern lie detector (polygraph) in 1921. Used in police interrogation and investigation since 1924, the lie detector is still controversial among psychologists and is not always judicially acceptable. The name polygraph comes from the fact that the machine records several different body responses simultaneously as the individual is questioned. The theory is that when a person lies, the lying causes a certain amount of stress that produces changes in several involuntary physiological reactions. A series of different sensors are attached to the body, and as the polygraph measures changes in breathing, blood pressure, pulse and perspiration, pens record the data on graph paper. During a lie detector test, the operator asks a series of control questions that set the pattern of how an individual responds when giving true and false answers. Then the actual questions are asked, mixed in with filler questions. The examination lasts about 2 hours, after which the expert interprets the data. Fingerprinting In the 19th century, it was observed that contact between someones hands and a surface left barely visible and marks called fingerprints. Fine powder (dusting) was used to make the marks more visible. Modern fingerprint identification dates from 1880 when the British scientific journal Nature published letters by the Englishmen Henry Faulds and William James Herschel describing the uniqueness and permanence of fingerprints. Their observations were verified by the English scientist Sir Francis Galton, who designed the first elementary system for classifying fingerprints based on grouping the patterns into arches, loops, and whorls. Galtons system was improved upon by London police commissioner, Sir Edward R. Henry. The Galton-Henry system of fingerprint classification was published in June 1900, and officially introduced at Scotland Yard in 1901. It is the most widely used method of fingerprinting to date. Police Cars In 1899, the first police car was used in Akron, Ohio. Police cars became the basis of police transportation in the 20th century. Timeline 1850s The first multi-shot pistol, introduced by Samuel Colt, goes into mass production. The weapon is adopted by the Texas Rangers and, thereafter, by police departments nationwide. 1854 to 59 San Francisco is the site of one of the earliest uses of systematic photography for criminal identification. 1862 On June 17, 1862, inventor W. V. Adams patented handcuffs that used adjustable ratchets - the first modern handcuffs. 1877 The use of the telegraph by fire and police departments begins in Albany, New York in 1877. 1878 The telephone comes into use in police precinct houses in Washington, D.C. 1888 Chicago is the first U.S. city to adopt the Bertillon system of identification. Alphonse Bertillon, a French criminologist, applies techniques of human body measurement used in anthropological classification to the identification of criminals. His system remains in vogue in North America and Europe until it is replaced at the turn of the century by the fingerprint method of identification. 1901 Scotland Yard adopts a fingerprint classification system devised by Sir Edward Richard Henry. Subsequent fingerprint classification systems are generally extensions of Henrys system. 1910 Edmund Locard establishes the first police department crime laboratory in Lyon, France. 1923 The Los Angeles Police Department establishes the first police department crime laboratory in the United States. 1923 The use of the teletype is inaugurated by the Pennsylvania State Police. 1928 Detroit police begin using the one-way radio. 1934 Boston Police begin using the two-way radio. 1930s American police begin the widespread use of the automobile. 1930 The prototype of the present-day polygraph is developed for use in police stations. 1932 The FBI inaugurates its crime laboratory which, over the years, comes to be world-renowned. 1948 Radar is introduced to traffic law enforcement. 1948 The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) meets for the first time. 1955 The New Orleans Police Department installs an electronic data processing machine, possibly the first department in the country to do so. The machine is not a computer, but a vacuum-tube operated calculator with a punch-card sorter and collator. It summarizes arrests and warrants. 1958 A former marine invents the side-handle baton, a baton with a handle attached at a 90-degree angle near the gripping end. Its versatility and effectiveness eventually make the side-handle baton standard issue in many U.S. police agencies. Introduction: What is Forensic Science History?Polygraph MachinesOther Equipment: Fingerprinting, Police CarsTimeline of Police Technology 1850 - 1960, 1960 - 1996

Reading Is Not A Natural Activity Essay - 2161 Words

â€Å"Reading is not a natural activity, but a set of gradually acquired component skills initially learned independently, but later integrated and automated† (Turner, 1995, p. 80). According to this quote the ability to read is not something that children are born with, but a skill that needs to be taught and worked on until it happens without thought. As human beings we are exposed to reading everywhere in our day-to-day life, even if we do not notice it. Therefore, being able to read is a crucial skill to acquire. Learning the code, making meaning and thinking critically are the three essential aspects of literacy acquisition (Ministry of Education, 2003). As children learn these skills they develop a range of knowledge, such as background knowledge and experience as well as knowledge about reading, how texts work and how print works. They also develop a repertoire of strategies; these include processing strategies and comprehension strategies When children are aware of the se, they can use both their knowledge and strategies together to become literate (Ministry of Education, 2003). A teacher’s role within all of this learning is to provide activities for the children that encourage and support the children’s growth from an emergent reader to a fluent reader. Learning the code, making meaning and thinking critically are fundamental aspects of reading. Although they can be described separately, they develop together and go hand in hand (Ministry of Education, 2003). LearningShow MoreRelatedSocial Class Status Of A Child s Parents Essay886 Words   |  4 Pagesall the kids was in the third grade. While reading the book Lareau found that middle class parents practice concerted cultivation, and working class and poor parents practice accomplishment of natural growth. 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Whether reading the Metamorphoses for pleasure or for academic purposes , it can be argued that a modern female reader will in some way feel challenged by the themes Ovid presents to her – scenes of rape, male dominance and frequent victimisation of female charactersRead MoreThe Autism Screening Instrument For Educational Planning1400 Words   |  6 Pagesorg/public/speech/emergent-literacy/ Children begin to lean language as soon as they are born. Their speech skills increase and become more complex as they develop. During this early development, children also learn important skills for the development of literacy (reading and writing). The stage children are developing this skills is known as emergent literacy, and begins at birth and continues throughout the preschool years. During this process, children begin to combine their knowledge of speaking and listening

The First Amendment Essay - 1175 Words

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people to assemble peacefully, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The first and the most significant of the amendments to our Constitution is the First Amendment. The amendment that established our freedoms as citizens of our new confederation. The First Amendment insures freedom of speech and of the press. The First Amendment ratification was completed on December 15, 1791. This happened when the eleventh State, which is Virginia, approved this amendment. At that time there were fourteen States in the Union. There are many†¦show more content†¦The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion. This is a part that is often taken away from individuals. A frightening but clear example of this was the Holocaust. Million of Jews were forced to hide their religion and to be ashamed because of one man that though it wasnt the right way to live. The U.S. Constitutions makes it so that this will never occur in The United States. Another example that shows breaching and use of two different sections of the constitution is the KKK. This orga nization commits crimes and puts down certain people just because of their religion. These people are making it so that some would not want to show their heritage and what they believe because they are scared of ridicule. The KKK although violent and seemingly evil actually uses The First Amendment every time they meet. Some hate the KKK but it is their right to organize and say what they feel. No one can stop them from saying what they think of a certain religion. Some feel that there should be limitation on freedom of speech but then would our country truly be free? 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A discussion of steps required by Oregon’s statutes, the Lake Oswego School District s board policies and the student handbook, will provide a basis for examining any First Amendment arguments that the bullying has raised, with a discussion of the author s First Amendment responses consistent withRead More The First Amendment Essay1544 Words   |  7 Pageswant within that of the law. America’s law has been designed to protect and preserve these freedoms. The First Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. It assures citizens that the federal government shall not restrict freedom of worship. It specifically prohibits Congress from establishing an official, government supported church. 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WWII And The Holocaust assignment help

Question: The following statement was taken from a contemporary account of Germany in 1939: "Though the Fuhrer's anti-Semitic program furnished the National Socialist party in the first instances with a nucleus and a rallying-cry, it was swept into office by two things with which the "Jewish Problem" did not have the slightest connection. On the one side was economic distress and the revulsion against Versailles: on the other, chicanery and intrigue...Hitler and his party promised the unhappy Germans a new heaven and a new earth, coupled with the persecution of the Jews. Unfortunately a new heaven and earth cannot be manufactured to order. But a persecution of the Jews can..." How do you interpret this contemporary account of the persecution of people who are Jewish? Elaborate. Answer: With Hitler coming into power in1933, the atrocities and violence against the Jews reached its height. Under the Nuremberg laws, the Jews were forced out of jobs from the Civil Service and the newspapers. Jews were compelled to take menial jobs as a result of this expulsion. They were rated second-class citizens and were characterized according to their grandparents religious affiliation. Jewish shops were boycotted, and they were banned from the society. Further, the Jews were banned from public places, schools, cinema, theater, and certain cities. They were forced to flee away from Germany. The Jews became the subject of Nazi hatred and were deemed an inferior race. The Jews were blamed for the economic depression that Germany faced as a result of the political turmoil at the time. Moreover, they were blamed for Germanys defeat in World War I. The boycott of Jews by Adolf Hitler, the then Chancellor, and Fuhrer affected the Jewish community both socially and economically (Brower S anders, 2013). The Jews were marginalized and subjected to atrocities and violent attacks. The Jews were stripped off all their rights and were even murdered. The Jews were forbidden from marrying Germans. Jews violating laws were arrested, sent to Nazi concentration camps and even executed. In 1935, vandalism, assaults, and boycotts against Jews rose to its pinnacle. The Jews were ceased to participate freely from social events and in the economy. Tough anti-Semitic laws were brought in by the Germans who were not active politically. This period saw a development of racist ideology. The goal was to remove Jews entirely from Nazi Germany (Friedlander, 2014). References Brower, D. R., Sanders, T. (2013).World in the Twentieth Century: From Empires to Nations, The. Pearson Higher Ed. Friedlander, S. (2014). Nazi Germany And The Jews: The Years Of Persecution: 1933-1939. Hachette UK.